The presented review of the literature reflects the main problems and modern view on the exchange of iron in the body as a whole and in the process of pregnancy in particular. Various views on the mechanisms of the development of anemia in pregnancy are highlighted, which emphasizes the protective role of anemia, as well as questions of anemia in pregnancy, their diagnostic criteria and methods of correction. The role of erythropoietin and hepcidin in the diagnosis of anemia, including in pregnant women with different types of anemia, has also been analyzed. It is proved that the inadequate production of its own erythropoietin can lead to anemia, and the role of hepcidin is associated with clinical disorders in the parameters of iron metabolism with the development of anemia. The topic of oxidative metabolism in erythrocytes and plasma in pregnant women with anemia is touched. Hemoglobin, being the most active antioxidant blood protein, is the first to experience the action of free oxygen radicals. Peroxidation processes lead to the oxidation of iron in the heme with the formation of methhemoglobin, which is completely incapable of the role of an oxygen carrier.

Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body. Mature enamel is an inanimate tissue and can not regenerate after a significant loss of minerals, which often arises from caries or erosion. Despite efforts to remineralize enamel, the prevention and treatment of initial carious lesions and submicrometric erosion are still major clinical problems. Currently, these lesions are treated by removing the altered tissue and filling the resulting cavity with restorative materials. As a potential alternative to traditional treatment, the biomimetic reconstruction of tooth enamel can regenerate the organized enamel-imitating apatite crystals with reliable binding to the surface of natural enamel. In recent studies, the Kazakhstan researcher BA Aituov developed a drug for non-invasive treatment of focal demineralization of tooth enamel, a biocompatible synthetic analog of the human amelogenin protein, which plays a key role in the formation of enamel in odontogenesis. However, this technique has no experimental studies on animals and has insufficient clinical data and morphological justification for the processes of enamel regeneration. Therefore, the solution of this urgent problem will allow us to study in more detail the processes occurring in the enamel of the teeth upon exposure to this preparation.

Esophageal cancer ranks sixth in the structure of mortality among malignant tumors in the world and belongs to one of the most aggressive localizations of cancer. According to the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) in 2008 the incidence was 49.2 per 100 thousand population, mortality - 34.3 per 100 thousand and is the 9th largest in the world among all cancers. A high incidence of esophageal cancer was noted in the northern regions of China, Iran, Mongolia, and among the CIS countries - Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. There is also a high incidence of cancer in some European countries - France (the province of Brittany), Switzerland, Finland. Esophageal cancer in Russia ranks 14th with a specific gravity of 2-5, in the structure of oncological pathology is 6.7 per 1000 thousand of the population. The incidence of esophageal cancer in Kazakhstan remains at a high level, amounting to 7.7 per 100 thousand people, which is 1.2 times more than in the Russian Federation. Despite the fact that the population of the Russian Federation is 10 times more than in Kazakhstan. The mortality rate from this pathology in Kazakhstan ranks 4-th, accounting for 5.8%. The incidence of esophageal cancer in the Karaganda region is 8.8 per 100,000 population, 1.3 times higher than in the Republic.

The review article presents an analysis of results of researches which were done by international and domestic authors on one of the common problems of alimentary-dependent non-infectious diseases. The role of nutrition in emergence of a big group of chronic non-infection diseases is designated more precisely. The up-growing number of diseases which are caused by quick, non-evolutional change of nutrition and lifestyle is shown. There is a steady tendency towards the spread of chronic non-infectious diseases among the population of developing countries, the main causes of which are industrialization, urbanization and the globalization of the food and services market, which have changed not only food production but also the stereotype of food choice. An analysis of the research materials of foreign and domestic authors shows that the major number of alimentary-dependent diseases is related to manageable pathologies. Its emergence is determined by obvious reasons, and the strategy of its prevention has practical expression. However, the existing difficulties of widespread implementation of the principles of preventive nutrition do not allow to solve this problem quickly and effectively. This requires a nationwide approach to solving the problem of alimentary-dependent diseases, as well as the introduction of knowledge and practical skills of healthy nutrition and the lifestyle of each person.

Congenital heart defects are one of the most common malformations in children. Risk factors in the preprenatal stage are somatic diseases of the mother, frequent viral infections, miscarriage, spontaneous abortions, missed abortion, in prenatal stage, the exacerbation of systemic diseases, complications of pregnancy, viral infections, lack of genetic counseling and the frequency and diagnostic resolvability ultrasound examination, women at risk, the lack of use of modern functional research methods of the fetus. Congenital heart defects often have a combination with malformations of other organs and systems. In this paper, we retrospectively analyzed 213 stories for the period from 2014 to 2016, of which 97 stories of birth, the card exchange and the history of full-term newborns with congenital heart defects born on the third level of obstetrics in the Regional Perinatal center in Karaganda, 116 history of the developments of newborns from the second level of obstetric care from the city of Petropavlovsk, city maternity hospital of Karaganda city and the maternity ward of the city of Balkhash. It was noted that the following risk factors may affect the increase in the frequency of congenital heart defects: age factor (age of women over 35, age of fathers over 30 years), infectious diseases, somatic status of women, pathological course of pregnancy, hereditary factor, bad habits, environmental situation, etc.

137 children aged 3 to 16 years with vegetative-ischemic impairment were under observation. Three-month course of therapy with the drug «Tenoten for child» allowed to achieve a favorable course of the general adaptation syndrome due to the adequate and timely inclusion of stress-limiting systems. The effectiveness of the drug was proved.

Results of treatment of patients which were on hospitalization in department of thoracic surgery of CSE «The Regional Clinical Hospital» in 2011-2016 with the diagnosis acute abscess of lungs are presented in article. The analysis of the obtained data is carried out. The studied materials are compared with data of literary sources for the purpose of comparison of own results and presented by the world literature.

He aim of the investigation was to improve the method of transosseous spinal osteosynthesis with transverse patellar fractures and its clinical approbation. Materials and methods: The study included 48 patients with patellar fractures, aged 18-77 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups: basic and comparisons - for 24 patients. In the main group, the treatment was carried out using an improved method of transosseous osteosynthesis. The patients of the comparison group underwent surgical treatment (submerged osteosynthesis) by the open method. The frequency and structure of complications, duration of inpatient and out-patient treatment, clinical and functional outcomes were subjected to a comparative evaluation. Results of the study: The overall complication rate in the main group was 12.5%, in the comparison group - 41.7% (p=0.040). Differences in duration of outpatient treatment were 2 times, inpatient treatment - 71.4% in favor of the main group (p <0.001). In the main group, only good results entered the structure - 79.2% and satisfactory - 20.8%. In the comparison group, good results were observed in 58.3% of cases, satisfactory - 33.3% and unsatisfactory ones were obtained at 8.3% (p>0,05). Conclusion: The use of the transosseous osteosynthesis technique for patella fractures in comparison with open submerged osteosynthesis methods provides a decrease in the overall incidence of complications, a significant reduction in the overall duration of treatment of patients is achieved in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The functional results of treatment for transosseous osteosynthesis by our method are better than in open operations, although the differences were insignificant.

The propose of the research was the incidence of sepsis in newborns as a function of gestational age and the risk factors for neonatal sepsis during pregnancy. It is established that during pregnancy pathologies can have a direct effect on the birth of premature and newborns on septicemia, which can affect the fetus in the first 72 hours.

The results of restoration of patients with neurological and neurosurgical profile with application of medicinal and physical methods of rehabilitation, who were on treatment in the rehabilitation department of the Regional Medical Center and the Medical Rehabilitation Center, are analyzed. The results of treatment testify to the effectiveness of complex treatment with the timely implementation of rehabilitation measures, taking into account the stage and phases of diseases.

Im: to study the expectorant activity of dry total extracts of two chemotypes of thyme creeping ( Thymus serpyllum Ls.l.) collected in the territory of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods: to evaluate the expectorant effect of dry total extracts of two chemotypes of thyme creeping collected in the populations of the Karaganda region in the Korneevsky forests and forests of Karkaralinsk, was used studying the motor function of the ciliary epithelium of model of the frog's esophagus by the method Gatsura. Experimental work was performed on the autumn frogs Rana Temporarea. Results and discussioi: it has been experimentally established that the dry total extract of creeping thyme growing in the forests of Karkaralinsk has expectorant activity comparable to the reference preparation - Bronchicum C syrup, and the dry total extract of creeping thyme collected in the Korneevsky forests has a less pronounced expectorant effect. Conclusion: dry total extract of creeping thyme, which grows in the forests of Karkaralinsk, is a promising substance for the development of a domestic medicine for expectorant action.

The paper presents an analysis of the surrounding tissue of the kidney with the use of a decellularized bovine-derived peritoneum and a peritoneal-fascial flap in modeling nephropexy by performing morphometric analysis on laboratory animals. The results presented in the article clearly demonstrate that the most rational method of surgical treatment of patients is nephropexy with the use of decellularized bovine-derived peritoneum.

Engineering vertical-flanging fixing method on the nonremovable implant constructions, which should restore the dentition with defects of covergention teeth. This contruction outlines undercutting zones nearly dentogingival complex.In order to value undercutting zones in different fixing methods of the artificial crowns was conducted comparative gistological research in two groups.

Much attention is paid to improving health care for the population, especially to improve the effectiveness of primary care physicians. General practitioners, along with the treatment process, mainly conduct preventive activities. The main factor in the development of chronic diseases is lifestyle and nutrition. This article focuses attention on the need to improve the competence of general practitioners in the areas of curative and preventive nutrition.

He article considers one of the classifications of the World Health Organization - the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The connection with the International Classification of Diseases 10 of the revision is shown. The definitions used in the classification are given, as well as specialists who can use this tool in their work. Considered are domains such as functions, body structures, activity and participation, as well as environmental factors. The letter designation of domains and their numerical estimate are given. The possibility of not only qualitative evaluation of impaired functions is shown, but also quantitative, expressed in percent. Particular importance is given to highlighting the role of the ICF in organizing the rehabilitation process for each individual patient, as well as in solving research problems, economic and statistical analysis of the level of health, morbidity and disability of the population, and medical and social expertise.

The article analyzes the effectiveness of applying innovative methods in the formation of professional foreign-language competence by students of medical universities. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of such methods as glossary, case and tandem. It is indicated that the preparation of the glossary is fixed by the work on oral and written speech, in the course of which the student can make a clear idea of how this terms work. Taking into account all these conditions, the compilation of the glossary becomes an effective form of independent work of students in terms of the formation of professional foreign-language competence. The stages of work on the case are described, which also contributes to improving the level of skills such as speaking and listening. The tandem method is considered for the first time in the article as a form of classroom work that facilitates the involvement of the tandem partners in the extra-linguistic experience and brings to a qualitatively new level the professional foreign-language competence of the students.

In this article, the author analyzes the approach to modern methods of training for residents traumatologists-orthopedists with good clinical and practical training on the results of the state certification in Kazakhstan. In the curriculum the main indicators are the integration of fundamental Sciences with clinical experience, the use of active teaching methods, an approach based on competencies, the continuous involvement of students in the process of patient care, improved evaluation methods. In this connection, the main purpose of the program of medical training of residents is to develop the skills of clinical and practical training throughout the work of the doctor.

This paper discusses the principles of competence-based approach in higher medical education; there is an analysis of technological principles of the training process on the basis of competence. In particular, there is the discussion of the system of relations of departments in the medical school on the basis of key competencies. The procedure for the introduction of key competencies in the work programs of the medical school is given in this paper.

The authors studied the influence of independent work, including the teacher in pediatric surgery on the level of the cognitive process in the bachelor's degree, internship, residency in 86.7% of trainees. When studying the applied concept of the pedagogical process, the component «hidden desires» (34.6%) was revealed, which combined with the natural and educational influenced the development of clinical thinking. It was proposed to reorganize the competency matrix and add to the evaluation role of the automated systems (Platonus, Sirius) by e-folders on teacher's computers to induce the students to change the orientation of the students with a GPI (93.6%) increase in startup ideas (133.3%), as corresponding to innovative requirements.

The article is devoted to analysis of the effectiveness of the application of modern teaching methods Cased based learning (CBL) during the interdisciplinary studies. The authors established that applying the active teaching methods in education process increases the interest and motivation for learning, stimulates the development of effective communication skills, promotes the formation of critical thinking from early courses.

The article describes the experience of implementing the cycle of training seminars «Integrative system approaches in diagnosis, therapy and psychocorrection of mental and behavioral disorders», intended for professionals working in the field of mental health. The training programs introduce students to the basic concepts of the integrative systemic family approach in socially important areas, such as adult psychiatry, child psychiatry, narcology, psychotherapy.

The aim of the study: to assess the effectiveness of clinical education of students of various levels of education using «Clinical Training Effectiveness Tool» (CTEI) questionnaire. Materials and methods: 78 undergraduate students, 48 interns and 16 residents were participated in the study. The statistical processing was provided using SPSS Statistics 20.0 software. Results and discussion: 47.4% of all questionnaire items had more than 4 points median. Median for all points of the questionnaire was greater than 3 points. Students gave the highest score to the following items: using of practical guidelines in education, using recommendations and protocols. The lowest grade gets the item «Training is regulated, according to my needs (experience, interests, competence, etc.)». The greatest share of 21.8% of unsatisfactory answers was given to the question «Training on the principles of economically appropriate assistance». Conclusion: questionnaire survey results showed that the effectiveness of clinical education at different levels of education is assessed by the students as satisfactory. Regular feedback allows to plan and make actions to improve the quality of the educational process, considering private opinions and needs of the students. Findings: 1) positive evaluation of the effectiveness of clinical training given by the students received 47.5% of items in the questionnaire; 2) comparative analysis of different levels of education showed that the highest scores of the positive results of clinical training was reached in the residency.

The article presents an analysis of the work program for the discipline «Hygiene of special education institutions» on the specialty «Public health». The work program clearly articulates the goals and objectives of training in the context of achieving competencies, in accordance with the Dublin descriptors, the final results of training are systematized. Teachers of department conduct and acquaint students with the work of specialized institutions.