МАКРОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЛАЦЕНТЫ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЕ С ПРЕЭКЛАМПСИЕЙ И ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ГИПОКСИЧЕСКИМ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕМ ПЛОДА

В представленном литературном обзоре проанализированы источники, посвященные распространенности, характеру и тяжести гистопатологических повреждений плаценты при преэклампсии и хроническом гипоксическом повреждении плода.

Маточно-плацентарная гипоксия может связывать многие эффекты плацентарной дисфункции с неблагоприятными воздействиями на мать и плод, которые возникают при многих осложнениях беременности. Беременность, скомпрометированная материнским воздействием гипоксии, является не только основным фактором риска для задержки роста плода, но и способствует изменениям в плаценте, что может привести к неблагоприятным последствиям для физиологии матери и потомства.

При анализе доступных литературных источников выявлены различия при описании поражений плаценты между исследованиями по гистопатологическим особенностям плаценты при гипоксическом повреждении плода и преэклампсией с ранним и поздним началом. В большинстве исследований по патологии плаценты и преэклампсии основное внимание уделяется наличию или отсутствию повреждений плаценты в целом, но не исследуется связь между конкретными плацентарными поражениями при преэклампсии и степенью гипоксического повреждения плода. Более подробное исследование морфологических паттернов плаценты при преэклампсии с гипоксическим повреждением плода может предоставить дополнительную информацию о механизмах преэклампсии и критериях постнатальной оценки гипоксического повреждения плода.

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